Homo naledi, South Africa, 2013
In 2013, a couple of cavers discovered a haul of more than 1,500 fossilized bones in a chamber deep in the Dinaledi cave system near Johannesburg.
When the skeletons were eventually removed by an all-female team of archaeologists, it emerged they were in fact the remains of a previously undiscovered primitive species of human. The species is thought to have had an ape-like torso, curved fingers and brains around a third of the size of ours.